Using a new materialist line of questioning that looks at the agential potentialities of water and its entanglements with Big Data and surveillance, this article explores how the recent Snowden revelations about the National Security Agency (NSA) have reignited media scholars to engage with the infrastructures that enable intercepting, hosting, and processing immeasurable amounts of data. In addition, the majority’s aversion from the use of data mining might result from the fact that data mining refrains from shifting risk and costs to weaker groups. This final analysis leads to an interesting conclusion: data mining (as opposed to other options) might indeed be disfavored by the public, but mandates the least scrutiny by courts. First, it addresses a legal perspective, while considering the detriments of data mining and other alternatives as overreaching “searches.” Second, it tests the political process set in motion when contemplating these measures. Finally, the article briefly demonstrates how an analysis that takes alternative measures into account can be carried out in two contexts.
#Google search big data guardian full#
The article sharpens the distinctions between the central alternatives to promote a full understanding of their advantages and shortcomings. Thereafter, it introduces four central alternative strategies to achieve the governmental objectives of security and law enforcement without engaging in extensive data mining and an additional strategy which applies some data mining while striving to minimize several concerns. It then maps out, with a very broad brush, the various concerns raised by these practices. The article begins by explaining the term “data mining,” its unique traits, and the roles of humans and machines. This article is devoted to bringing this step to the attention of academics and policymakers. An important methodological step must be part of every one of these inquires mentioned above - the adequate consideration of alternatives. As this discourse unfolds, something is still missing. general notion in these sources is that of fear and even awe. The reaction to the data mining of personal information by governmental entities came to life in a flurry of reports, discussions, and academic papers. Data mining has captured the imagination as a tool which can potentially close the intelligence gap constantly deepening between governments and their targets. Governments face new and serious risks when striving to protect their citizens. And fourth, the perpetual secrecy rules that characterize the existing regime should be amended to permit the elimination of secrecy when no longer justified. Third, the current system generally imposes secrecy automatically these requirements should be replaced with rules under which the government must demonstrate the need for secrecy on a case-by-case basis. Second, the relatively weak secrecy rules associated with certain real-time surveillance techniques (such as wiretapping) should be strengthened, to reflect the danger that a target's awareness of real-time monitoring will prevent the information sought from being created at all. First, current law only forbids third parties from revealing that the government is conducting an investigation a mechanism should exist to restrict, in exceptional cases, disclosure of the underlying data the government seeks to collect. After describing the operation of the existing secrecy system, the article proposes four reforms that would ensure a tighter fit between the requirements of secrecy law and the underlying values they implicate. The article also formulates a taxonomy of secrecy rules it identifies five issues that must be addressed when building a secrecy regime from the ground up - e.g., Should secrecy be imposed automatically or only upon a special showing by the government? How long should secrecy persist? - and arranges the possible policy choices on a set of intersecting axes.
#Google search big data guardian free#
investigative targets and third-party witnesses in privacy and free speech and the interests of the public and Congress in overseeing the Executive and participating in democratic deliberations.
It begins by surveying the interests implicated by government secrecy, including the Executive Branch's need to mount effective national-security investigations the respective interests of. SECRECY AND NATIONAL-SECURITY INVESTIGATIONS analyzes, and recommends improvements to, the secrecy requirements that apply when the Executive Branch conducts counterterrorism and espionage investigations.
0 kommentar(er)
